wehewehe:

Hoʻohana pū ʻia ke apo māka ma nā mea uila kiʻekiʻe.Ua like nā apo kala me nā apo corona, akā hoʻopuni lākou i nā insulators ma mua o nā conductors.ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i ka corona, ʻo kā lākou kumu nui e hōʻemi i ka gradient hiki i ka insulator, e pale ana i ka haki ʻana o ka uila.

ʻAʻole like ka gradient kūpono (ke kahua uila) ma waena o kahi insulator, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma ka hopena e pili ana i ka electrode voltage kiʻekiʻe.Inā hoʻokau ʻia i kahi voli kiʻekiʻe, e wāwahi ka insulator a lilo i conductive ma kēlā hopena ma mua.I ka wā i wāwahi ʻia ai ka ʻāpana o ka insulator ma ka hopena a lilo i conductive, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka volta piha ma ke koena o ka lōʻihi, no laila e holomua koke ka haki ʻana mai ka hopena uila kiʻekiʻe a i kekahi, a e hoʻomaka ana kahi arc flashover.No laila, hiki i nā insulators ke kū i nā voltage kiʻekiʻe loa inā e hoʻemi ʻia ka gradient hiki i ka hopena uila kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻopuni ke apo māka i ka hopena o ka insulator e pili ana i ka conductor voltage kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻemi ia i ka gradient ma ka hopena, e loaʻa ana i kahi gradient ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka insulator, e ʻae ana i kahi insulator pōkole ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ʻia no ka volta i hāʻawi ʻia.ʻO nā apo hoʻopaʻa helu pū kekahi e hōʻemi i ka ʻelemakule a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka insulator i hiki ke hana ma ka hopena HV ma muli o ke kahua uila kiʻekiʻe ma laila.